Supply chain innovation

Supply chain innovation is the process of implementing new and improved strategies, technologies, processes, and practices within the supply chain to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, mitigate risks, and improve overall performance. It involves a continuous pursuit of creative and efficient ways to optimize every aspect of the supply chain, from sourcing and production to distribution and delivery. This often involves embracing emerging technologies like blockchain, IoT, and AI to enhance visibility, traceability, and decision-making.

Some key aspects of supply chain innovation include:

• Digitalization: Leveraging technologies like AI, machine learning, and IoT to automate processes, improve visibility, and gain insights into data.

• Sustainability: Adopting eco-friendly practices, reducing carbon emissions, and minimizing waste throughout the supply chain.

• Resilience: Building flexibility and adaptability into the supply chain to withstand disruptions and uncertainties.

• Collaboration: Fostering strong relationships with suppliers, partners, and customers to improve communication and coordination.

• Customer-centricity: Focusing on meeting the evolving needs and expectations of customers, such as faster delivery times and personalized experiences

The ulimate goal is to create a supply chain that is both robuste and cost effective.

Framework thinking

Framework thinking is a mental model that leverages structured systems to analyze and solve problems. A framework provides a predefined way to categorize information, evaluate options, and guide decision-making. Instead of trying to address a problem from scratch, you rely on proven models or design your own frameworks to simplify complexity.

Some popular examples of busienss frameworks include:

PESTLE Analysis: Stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental factors.. Used to analyze external macro-environmental factors affecting an organization or decision.

BCG Matrix: Categorizes business units or products into four types: Stars, Cash Cows, Question Marks, and Dogs based on market growth and market share.

Value Chain Analysis: Breaks down an organization’s activities into primary and support activities to identify competitive advantages.

OKRs (Objectives and Key Results): A goal-setting framework that defines what you want to achieve (objectives) and measures how you’ll achieve it (key results).

The key idea is that a framework breaks down overwhelming problems into manageable components, offering clarity and direction.

Why Is Framework Thinking Valuable?

1. Simplifies Complexity

The modern world is saturated with information. Frameworks help distill this information into actionable insights by providing boundaries and focus.

2. Enhances Decision-Making

When faced with competing priorities, frameworks offer a lens through which to evaluate trade-offs. For instance, a framework like cost-benefit analysis enables you to assess whether an investment is worth pursuing.

3. Encourages Consistency

Using frameworks ensures that decisions are made consistently across time and contexts, reducing biases and improving reliability.

4. Promotes Communication

In teams, frameworks create a common language. When everyone uses the same model, collaboration becomes smoother and more productive.

Here is a video explaining framework thinking:

Technology disciplines

We have all heard the buzzwords. Fintech, Greentech, Biotech. These are different technology disciplines or space which a company operates within. Here are some examples of technology disciplines:

1. FinTech (Financial Technology)

• Focuses on technology-driven innovations in financial services.

• Examples: Digital payment systems (PayPal, Stripe), blockchain, cryptocurrencies, robo-advisors, and insurtech.

2. AgriTech (Agricultural Technology)

• Enhances agricultural productivity and sustainability through technology.

• Examples: Precision farming, vertical farming, agri-drones, and AI-powered crop monitoring.

3. BioTech (Biotechnology)

• Combines biology and technology to develop medical, agricultural, and environmental solutions.

• Examples: Genetic engineering, CRISPR, biopharmaceuticals, and biofuels.

4. MedTech (Medical Technology)

• Applies technology to healthcare for better diagnosis, treatment, and patient management.

• Examples: Wearable health devices, robotic surgery, telemedicine, and medical imaging.

5. EdTech (Educational Technology)

• Uses technology to enhance learning experiences and educational delivery.

• Examples: Online learning platforms (Coursera, Duolingo), virtual reality classrooms, and AI tutors.

6. CleanTech (Clean Technology)

• Focuses on reducing environmental impact and improving sustainability.

• Examples: Renewable energy technologies (solar, wind, geothermal), energy storage systems, and water purification tech.

7. FoodTech (Food Technology)

• Innovates in food production, distribution, and consumption.

• Examples: Lab-grown meat, food delivery apps, meal kits, and AI for food safety.

8. PropTech (Property Technology)

• Enhances real estate management, transactions, and development through technology.

• Examples: Smart buildings, real estate marketplaces, and IoT-based property management systems.

9. AutoTech (Automotive Technology)

• Focuses on advancements in automotive design, manufacturing, and user experience.

• Examples: Autonomous vehicles, electric vehicles (EVs), and connected car systems.

10. AeroTech (Aerospace Technology)

• Develops innovations in aviation and space exploration.

• Examples: Spacecraft, drones, satellite technology, and supersonic travel.

11. MarTech (Marketing Technology)

• Uses software and tools to enhance marketing efforts.

• Examples: AI-driven ad targeting, CRM platforms, and social media analytics.

12. CyberTech (Cybersecurity Technology)

• Focuses on protecting digital systems and data from cyber threats.

• Examples: AI-powered threat detection, encryption, and identity management systems.

13. DeepTech

• Concentrates on groundbreaking scientific and engineering advancements.

• Examples: Quantum computing, nanotechnology, and artificial general intelligence (AGI).

14. HealthTech

• Broader than MedTech, focusing on health and wellness solutions.

• Examples: Mental health apps, fitness trackers, and personalized health platforms.

15. GreenTech

• Aims to mitigate environmental challenges through innovative technologies.

• Examples: Carbon capture, sustainable packaging, and eco-friendly energy solutions.

16. SportsTech

• Enhances athlete performance, fan engagement, and sports management.

• Examples: Wearable fitness trackers, VR for training, and data analytics in sports.

17. GovTech (Government Technology)

• Innovates public services and governance through technology.

• Examples: Digital identity systems, e-governance platforms, and AI-driven policy analytics.

18. InsurTech (Insurance Technology)

• Reinvents insurance processes and customer experiences using technology.

• Examples: Usage-based insurance, blockchain in claims processing, and AI risk analysis.

19. EnergyTech

• Innovates in energy production, management, and distribution.

• Examples: Smart grids, energy storage systems, and nuclear fusion technologies.

20. RegTech (Regulatory Technology)

• Helps businesses manage regulatory compliance using technology.

• Examples: Automated compliance checks, anti-money laundering (AML) systems, and fraud detection.

21. RetailTech

• Enhances retail operations and customer experiences through technology.

• Examples: E-commerce platforms, augmented reality shopping, and inventory management systems.

22. LegalTech

• Uses technology to streamline legal processes.

• Examples: Contract automation, AI-driven legal research, and e-discovery tools.

23. ConTech (Construction Technology)

• Focuses on improving construction efficiency and safety through innovation.

• Examples: 3D printing in construction, AI-driven project management, and modular building systems.

Technology strategy

A great idea does not guarantee great profits. If a company's R&D funds are going to pay off in profitable products or services, it needs a technology strategy that works in concert with its broader competitive strategy.

A technology strategy is a structured plan that defines how an organization will use technology to achieve its objectives. It’s not just about adopting the latest tools or trends—it’s about aligning technological capabilities with business priorities. Think of it as a bridge between where your organization is today and where it aims to be tomorrow.

At its core, a technology strategy answers these critical questions:

• What role does technology play in achieving our business goals?

• Which technologies should we invest in, and why?

• How do we ensure our technology evolves alongside our business needs?

Key Elements of a Successful Technology Strategy

1. Clear Alignment with Business Objectives
   Start with your organization's vision and mission. Technology should be a tool to achieve these—not an end in itself.

2. Technology Roadmap
   Create a timeline of initiatives, from deploying new software to upgrading legacy systems. A roadmap helps prioritize investments and track progress.

3. Focus on Scalability and Flexibility
   Technology should evolve with your business. Invest in solutions that can adapt to changes, such as cloud computing platforms or modular software architectures.

Creating a technology strategy involves collaboration, planning, and execution. As technologies like generative AI, 5G, and quantum computing become mainstream, organizations must embrace a dynamic approach to strategy. The focus will shift from simply adopting technology to integrating it seamlessly into every facet of the business. Organizations that succeed will be those that treat technology as a strategic enabler—one that drives not just efficiency but also innovation and growth.

Here is an excellent video from Cambridge University explaining how to create a technology roadmap:

Design Thinking and how it can be used to solve business problems

Design Thinking is a problem-solving approach centered on human needs and experiences. It is iterative, collaborative, and creative, focusing on understanding users deeply, redefining challenges, and exploring innovative solutions. This method emphasizes empathy, ideation, experimentation, and continuous learning.

These are the key phases in design thinking:

1. Empathize: Understand the needs, behaviors, and pain points of the people involved in or affected by the problem.

2. Define: Clearly articulate the problem based on insights gathered during the empathy phase.

3. Ideate: Generate a wide range of creative ideas and solutions.

4. Prototype: Develop quick, low-cost prototypes or models to visualize and test solutions.

5. Test: Experiment with prototypes in real-world scenarios to gather feedback and refine the solution.

Design thinking as methodology can be used to solve all sorts of problems. Here are some examples:

Optimizing Operations

• Challenge: Inefficiencies or bottlenecks in workflows.

• Design Thinking Application: Observing and empathizing with employees helps uncover operational challenges. Solutions can then be designed and tested to streamline processes.

Improving Employee Engagement

• Challenge: High turnover or low morale.

• Design Thinking Application: Engage employees to understand their experiences and define core issues, such as lack of growth opportunities or unclear goals. Prototype initiatives like flexible work policies or enhanced training programs.

Navigating Complex Decisions

• Challenge: Launching into a new market or pivoting business strategies.

• Design Thinking Application: Use iterative prototyping and testing to simulate various scenarios, reducing risks and uncovering unforeseen challenges.

Here is an informative video explaining Design Thinking:

Hypothetical-Deductive Methodology

The hypothetical-deductive methodology (HDM) is a systematic approach to problem-solving and knowledge generation that begins with the formulation of hypotheses and proceeds through a process of testing and validation. It is widely used in various fields, including Social Sciences.

When working in Management Consulting I used this methodology a lot. In management consulting, HDM is employed to tackle business challenges, optimize operations, or guide strategic decisions. Here’s how consultants typically use it:

1. Structuring the Problem:

   • Consultants start by breaking down the client’s complex issues into smaller, manageable components.

   • They then hypothesize potential causes or solutions for each component.

2. Hypothesis Development:

   • Hypotheses might address questions like, “Why is profitability declining?” or “What factors drive customer churn?”

   • These are often rooted in frameworks like SWOT analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, or other management tools.

3. Testing and Data Analysis:

   • Consultants gather data through interviews, financial analysis, surveys, and benchmarking.

   • Hypotheses are tested using quantitative models (e.g., regression analysis) or qualitative evaluations.

4. Iterative Refinement:

   • As new data emerges, consultants refine their hypotheses to ensure they align with observed evidence.

   • This iterative process continues until a clear understanding or solution emerges.

5. Delivering Insights:

   • Once validated, hypotheses form the basis for insights and strategic recommendations.

   • For example, if a hypothesis about inefficiencies in a supply chain is confirmed, the consultants may propose specific operational improvements.

Here is a simple example of application of the methodology:

A retail company faces declining sales. Using HDM:

1. Problem Identification: Sales have dropped by 15% over the past quarter.

2. Hypotheses:

   • H1: Competitors have launched more attractive products.

   • H2: Customer service quality has declined.

   • H3: Marketing campaigns are not reaching the target audience.

3. Testing:

   • Analyze competitor pricing and product launches.

   • Review customer feedback and service quality metrics.

   • Assess marketing campaign reach and performance data.

4. Refinement: If H2 is validated, consultants might explore deeper causes, such as employee training gaps or system inefficiencies.

5. Solution: Develop training programs, upgrade service tools, and refine customer interaction policies.

The HDM approach ensures that recommendations are grounded in evidence, making them more credible and effective.

Employee engagement

Employee engagement is one of the key ingredient to building a productive, recilient and committet workforce, and is often one of the key elements in employee surveys. Employee engagement refers to the level of emotional commitment, motivation, and enthusiasm employees feel toward their work, organization, and its goals. Engaged employees are typically more willing to go above and beyond in their roles, show dedication, and exhibit loyalty to their employer.

Key Aspects of Employee Engagement

1. Emotional Connection: Employees feel valued and connected to the organization’s mission and values.

2. Sense of Purpose: Employees understand how their work contributes to larger organizational goals.

3. Motivation and Enthusiasm: Engaged employees are excited and motivated by their tasks, seeking to improve and grow.

4. Commitment and Loyalty: Employees show a sense of loyalty and a desire to stay with the organization for the long term.

5. Positive Work Relationships: Engaged employees often have strong, positive relationships with their colleagues and supervisors.

Why Employee Engagement Is Important

1. Higher Productivity: Engaged employees are more likely to be productive and committed, leading to better performance and outcomes.

2. Increased Retention: Organizations with high engagement levels see lower turnover, reducing recruitment and training costs.

3. Improved Employee Well-being: Engaged employees are generally happier and experience lower levels of stress, contributing to a healthier work environment.

4. Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: Engaged employees tend to deliver better service, which can lead to greater customer satisfaction and loyalty.

5. Greater Innovation: Engaged employees are more likely to feel confident and motivated to contribute new ideas, fostering an environment of innovation.

6. Better Financial Performance: Companies with highly engaged employees tend to achieve stronger financial results, as employee efforts contribute directly to organizational goals.

Building Employee Engagement

Effective employee engagement requires efforts across multiple areas, such as effective leadership, career development opportunities, recognition, clear communication, and a positive organizational culture.

Authentic leadership

Authentic leadership is a style of leadership that emphasizes transparency, integrity, and authenticity, focusing on leading in a way that aligns with one's core values and beliefs. Authentic leaders are self-aware, genuine, and motivated by a desire to act ethically and inspire others. Rather than trying to mold themselves into what they think a leader should look like, they embrace their true self and encourage open, honest relationships with their team.

Key Characteristics of Authentic Leadership

1. Self-awareness: Understanding one’s strengths, weaknesses, values, and emotions.

2. Relational Transparency: Being open and honest in relationships, sharing thoughts and feelings with others appropriately.

3. Balanced Processing: Objectively analyzing information, considering multiple perspectives before making decisions.

4. Internalized Moral Perspective: Making decisions that align with personal values, not just external pressures or expectations.

Why Authentic Leadership is Important

1. Builds Trust: Authentic leaders create a culture of trust, making team members feel respected and safe to express themselves, which strengthens teamwork and morale.

2. Increases Engagement: When leaders are genuine and act consistently with their values, employees feel more valued and engaged, leading to higher job satisfaction and productivity.

3. Encourages Ethical Behavior: By modeling integrity, authentic leaders inspire ethical conduct, fostering an environment that prioritizes ethical decision-making and social responsibility.

4. Improves Resilience and Stability: Authentic leaders are able to navigate challenges with stability, providing a calming and steady influence in times of uncertainty.

5. Enhances Individual and Organizational Performance: Through motivation, respect, and fostering personal growth, authentic leaders can enhance both individual performance and overall organizational effectiveness.

In a world where employees and clients are increasingly attuned to authenticity, this leadership style creates a foundation of trust, respect, and motivation that not only drives productivity but also builds long-term loyalty and resilience

I recently read the book “Why should anyone be led by you”, written by the London Business School Professors Goffe and Jones. The book guides how leaders can become more authentic.

The pyramide principle - logic and structure in thinking and writing

After working 10 years in management consulting., I use the Pyramide Principle a lot. The Pyramid Principle is a structured approach to communication, often used for writing and presentations, developed by Barbara Minto at McKinsey & Company. It emphasizes presenting ideas in a top-down, pyramid-like structure, starting with the main point or recommendation and then supporting it with logically grouped, detailed arguments and evidence.

Key Components of the Pyramid Principle:

1. Start with the main message: Begin with a concise, compelling summary of your central point or recommendation. This captures the reader's or audience’s attention and establishes a clear direction.

2. Group supporting ideas logically: Organize supporting points into groups that address different aspects of the main message. Each group should have a clear theme and contribute to explaining or proving the main point.

3. Provide supporting evidence: Within each group, include specific details, data, or examples that reinforce your supporting ideas. This gives depth to each group and justifies why it contributes to the main message.

4. Follow a logical order (MECE): The Pyramid Principle emphasizes being MECE (Mutually Exclusive, Collectively Exhaustive). This means:

   • Mutually Exclusive: Each point should be distinct and non-overlapping.

   • Collectively Exhaustive: The points should collectively cover all relevant aspects of the main message.

This principle can be used in solving all kinds of business problems, including increasing revenues, reducing costs, improveing support functions, attracting talent etc.

Here is a video explaining the concept:

Grit - The power of passion and perservance

In a world that often prioritizes quick results and instant gratification, the concept of grit has emerged as a powerful force for achieving long-term success. Coined by psychologist Angela Duckworth, grit is defined as the combination of passion and perseverance in pursuit of a long-term goal. It’s not merely about working hard; it’s about staying the course, despite the inevitable challenges that life throws our way.

Grit is more than just resilience; it’s a steadfast commitment to your goals, combined with a deep-seated passion for what you do. It’s the willingness to put in the effort, day after day, regardless of the obstacles. Duckworth’s research suggests that talent alone is not the sole predictor of success. Instead, it’s the relentless pursuit of improvement and a belief in one’s ability to grow and learn that truly makes a difference.

Passion fuels grit. It’s the driving force that keeps us motivated even when the going gets tough. Passionate individuals find joy in their work, which makes the process of striving for their goals more fulfilling. This intrinsic motivation allows them to weather setbacks and remain focused on the bigger picture. When you’re passionate about what you do, challenges become opportunities for growth rather than insurmountable barriers.

Here is an excellent Ted talk explaining the concept of grit:

Good airport design

Travel is part of business life, even post covid. Like in all design, good airport design is striking a balance between form and functionality. The main function of an airport is basically logistics of people, baggage and aircrafts.

Here are the key elements of good airport design:

Flow and Layout: A clear, intuitive layout that minimizes congestion. Check-in, security, and boarding areas should be logically arranged to facilitate smooth movement.

Passenger Experience: Comfortable seating, ample amenities (restaurants, shops), and relaxation areas enhance the overall experience. Consideration for families, business travelers, and those with disabilities is essential.

Aesthetics: The aesthetic side of airport design plays a crucial role in shaping the passenger experience and can evoke a sense of place. Here are some key aspects to consider:

1. Architectural Style: The design should reflect the local culture and environment. Unique architectural elements can create a sense of identity, making the airport a landmark.

2. Use of Natural Light: Large windows, skylights, and open spaces maximize natural light, creating a bright, airy atmosphere. This not only enhances aesthetics but also promotes passenger well-being.

3. Materials and Finishes: The choice of materials—like wood, stone, glass, and metal—can convey warmth and sophistication. Textures and colors should be carefully selected to create a cohesive and inviting look.

Here is a video by the magazine Architectural Digest giving their take on good airport design:

Strategy - a value creation approach

In business, fall is often the time to make plans for next year, often including adjusting or coming up with new strategies.

Few business concepts has a variation different connotations than strategy. From meaning a small plan to overcome a tiny obstacle or problem to creating a comprehensive guide for doing business. Strategy is about looking forward seeing the future and planning for it.

Startegy, at its best, is simply a plan to create value. Here is short, informative HBR-video explaining this value creation concept:

The starting point is how much and which value the company creates for its customers, employees and suppliers. Strategy then is for example, making working for the company more attractive through imporoved working conditions or more interesting tasks, increasing the employee value. Increasing the product quality for example, will increase customer value and hence willingness to pay for the company’s products and services.

Psychological safety in teams

Together with clear goals, good communication and trust, psychological safety is a foundational component of high-performing teams. Psychological safety refers to a team climate where members feel safe to take risks, voice their thoughts, and express concerns without fear of negative consequences.

When team members trust each other and feel psychologically safe, they are more likely to collaborate, share ideas, and support one another.

1. Increased Innovation: A safe environment encourages creativity, allowing team members to propose bold ideas without fear of ridicule.

2. Better Problem Solving: Diverse perspectives can be openly discussed, leading to more effective solutions to challenges.

3. Improved Engagement: Team members who feel safe and valued are more engaged and motivated, leading to higher overall performance.

A lot of what goes into creating a psychologically safe environment are good management practices — things like establishing clear norms and expectations so there is a sense of predictability and fairness; encouraging open communication and actively listening to employees; making sure team members feel supported; and showing appreciation and humility when people do speak up.

Here is an exxcellent video on the subject:

Book: The creative act

"The Creative Act: A Way of Being" by Rick Rubin explores the nature of creativity and the artistic process. Drawing on his extensive experience as a music producer, Rubin shares insights into how to harness creativity in various aspects of life. He emphasizes the importance of intuition, mindfulness, and personal expression, encouraging readers to embrace their unique perspectives. Through anecdotes, philosophical reflections, and practical advice, Rubin illustrates how creativity can be a transformative force, not just in art but in everyday living. The book serves as both a guide and an inspiration for anyone seeking to cultivate their creative potential.

Rick Rubin is a renowned music producer and co-founder of Def Jam Recordings, known for his innovative approach to music across various genres. Born on March 10, 1963, in Long Beach, New York, Rubin first gained prominence in the 1980s, working with hip-hop artists like Run-D.M.C. and the Beastie Boys. He later expanded his repertoire to include rock, country, and folk, collaborating with legendary artists such as Johnny Cash, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Adele.

Rick Rubin

Strategy vs plans: Understanding the key differences

Autumn is often a period where businesses review their strategies related to a new business year coming up. Or is it really their strategies they are reviewing?

In business and life, strategy and plans are often used interchangeably, but they serve distinct purposes.

• Strategy is the big picture. It defines the long-term vision and overarching goals. It's about making decisions on where to focus your efforts, understanding the competitive landscape, and identifying how to achieve sustainable success. Strategies guide the "why" and "what" behind your actions.

• Plans, on the other hand, are the step-by-step details. They outline the specific actions, timelines, and resources required to implement the strategy. Plans answer the "how" and "when" to execute the strategic vision.

In short, a strategy is the "destination," while a plan is the "roadmap" to get there. Both are essential, but knowing the difference ensures clarity and focus on achieving your goals.

As Steve Jobs once put it: “Simple can be harder than complex: You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But it’s worth it in the end because once you get there, you can move mountains.”

Identity, dignity and democracy

The book Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment by Francis Fukuyama is a thought-provoking analysis of the rise of identity politics and its impact on modern society. Fukuyama argues that the increasing focus on identity is a response to a universal human desire for dignity and recognition. However, this emphasis on identity has led to a fragmentation of society and the rise of resentment and populism.

The book delves into the historical roots of identity politics, tracing its evolution from the French Revolution to the present day. Fukuyama examines how the concept of dignity has shifted over time, from being associated with social status and hierarchy to becoming a universal human right. He argues that this shift has created a tension between the desire for individual recognition and the need for social cohesion.

Fukuyama also explores the role of identity in shaping political discourse and behavior. He argues that the rise of identity politics has led to a decline in traditional forms of political engagement and a growing emphasis on group rights. This, in turn, has made it more difficult to address societal problems and achieve common goals.

Fukuyama is an American political scientist, political economist, international relations scholar, and writer.

Human-centric leadership

The best companies a have worked for has had some degree of human-centric leadership principles. Human-centric leadership is a leadership approach that places the well-being, development, and engagement of people at the forefront of decision-making and organizational practices. Instead of focusing solely on profits, efficiency, or productivity, human-centric leaders prioritize the needs, values, and aspirations of their team members, viewing them as the most critical assets of the organization.

Key Principles of Human-Centric Leadership:

1. Empathy and Compassion: Human-centric leaders demonstrate a deep understanding and concern for the feelings, needs, and challenges of their team members. They actively listen, show compassion, and strive to create an environment where people feel supported and valued.

2. Inclusivity and Equity: These leaders promote a culture of inclusivity where diverse perspectives are welcomed and valued. They ensure that everyone has equal opportunities to contribute and grow, regardless of their background or identity.

3. Empowerment and Growth: Human-centric leaders focus on empowering their team members by providing them with the tools, resources, and opportunities they need to develop their skills and advance in their careers. They encourage continuous learning and personal growth.

4. Well-being and Work-Life Balance: Recognizing the importance of mental and physical health, human-centric leaders advocate for work-life balance and take proactive steps to ensure their team members are not overwhelmed or burnt out.

5. Purpose and Meaning: They help their team members find purpose and meaning in their work by aligning their roles with their passions and values. This alignment increases motivation and job satisfaction.

6. Collaboration and Communication: Human-centric leaders foster open, transparent, and respectful communication. They build strong, collaborative relationships within the team, encouraging teamwork and collective problem-solving.

7. Ethical Decision-Making: Decisions are made with integrity, considering the impact on people, society, and the environment. Human-centric leaders are guided by ethical principles and a commitment to doing what is right, even if it is not the easiest or most profitable option.

There are some assumed benefits of human-centric leadership:

Higher Employee Engagement: When employees feel valued and supported, they are more engaged, motivated, and committed to their work.

• Improved Retention: A positive work environment that prioritizes well-being and growth leads to higher retention rates.

• Better Team Performance: Teams that feel empowered and connected tend to perform better, innovate more, and adapt more quickly to changes.

• Positive Organizational Culture: This leadership style contributes to a culture of trust, respect, and mutual support, which can enhance overall organizational effectiveness.

Human-centric leadership is especially relevant in today’s world, where employees increasingly seek meaningful work, positive work environments, and leaders who genuinely care about their well-being.

Hybrid warefare - the changing battlefield

In a geopilitical situation of escalating tension and conflict, a new term, hybrid warefare, has emerged among military commentators as a description of how conflicting countries operate.

Hybrid warfare is a strategy that combines conventional military tactics with irregular tactics, cyber warfare, and other non-military tools to achieve strategic objectives. It blurs the lines between traditional warfare and other forms of conflict, incorporating a mix of state and non-state actors, disinformation campaigns, economic coercion, and other non-military methods to undermine an opponent.

Here are some key elements of hybrid warfare:

1. Conventional Forces: Use of regular military units, such as ground troops, air forces, and naval forces, to conduct traditional combat operations.

2. Irregular Tactics: These include guerrilla warfare, terrorism, and other forms of asymmetrical combat, often carried out by non-state actors or covert units.

3. Cyber Warfare: Attacks on information systems, networks, and infrastructure to disrupt, steal, or manipulate data, which can cripple an opponent’s communications and operations.

4. Disinformation and Propaganda: Spreading false or misleading information to confuse, divide, or demoralize an opponent. This can involve social media campaigns, fake news, and other forms of psychological manipulation.

5. Economic Coercion: Use of economic tools such as sanctions, trade restrictions, or financial manipulation to weaken an opponent’s economy or influence their decision-making.

6. Political Influence Operations: Efforts to undermine or manipulate political processes in a target country, such as influencing elections or supporting sympathetic political movements.

7. Diplomatic Pressure: Leveraging international diplomatic channels to isolate or weaken an opponent’s position.

Hybrid warfare is often used to achieve objectives without triggering a full-scale war, allowing the aggressor to operate in a gray zone between peace and open conflict. This approach can make it difficult for the targeted nation or organization to respond effectively, as the aggressor's actions may fall short of what would traditionally justify a military response.

A prominent example of hybrid warfare is Russia's actions in Ukraine, particularly in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine, where a combination of conventional military forces, unmarked troops (often referred to as "little green men"), cyber attacks, and disinformation campaigns were used.

Increasing revenues for SaaS-companies

Almost all companies I have worked for has had a growth strategy. Revenue growth is imperative in value creation. For subscription-based companies (SaaS - Software as a Service), a strategy for organically increasing the revenues must include the following elements:

1. Focus on Customer Retention
   Retain existing customers through personalized experiences, loyalty programs, and excellent customer service. Repeat customers are more profitable than new ones.

2. Expand Product or Service Offerings
   Diversify your portfolio by developing new products, entering new markets, or offering premium features to increase revenue streams.

3. Optimize Pricing and Marketing
   Regularly review pricing strategies to reflect product value and maximize profits. Invest in digital marketing to reach new customers and drive conversions.

Next year Netflix will launch two new entertainment venues in the US. This experiential entertainment venue will bring some of the most watched titles to life and customers will be able to shop, play and interact with the characters.

This initiave is part of the company´s stratey to monitize on merchandize, i.e becoming more “Disney”.

How Apple organize technology development

Technology development and R&D is paramount for technology companies. For both the tech and industrial companies I have worked for, R&D is used to create superior customers experience as well as increasing margins through more cost effective products.

Organizing technology delevopment in terms of ideas, financing and process is a big issue for most companies. How does the most innovative companies do this?

In a recent interview at the Apple`s Wordwide Developers Conference (WWDC), Apple`s SVP for software engineering shares some insights:

• All software developments includes people from different diciplines and levels including software engineers, designers, hardware engineers, and product managers. i.e . cross-functional teamwork at a massive scale. However they tend to keep the individual teams small

• The result of their joint efforts in combining different disciplines often leads to the creation of software technology that goes beyond their initial intentions. This unexpected outcome highlights the essence of discovery and adaptation in the collaborative process.

Obviously this requires vision and leadership, as well as top down initiatives focusing on user experience, integration across devices, and technological advancements.

One of the most impressive new software this year was the new calculator, Math Notes: